The seven queries regarding reflux symptoms were as follows: Do you get heartburn?, Do you sometimes subconsciously rub your chest with your hand?, Do you get heartburn after meals?, Do you have an unusual (e.g. well water in child years, nodular gastritis, and duodenal ulcer scars. The risk factors for endoscopic reflux esophagitis were male gender and obesity (body mass index 25). Conclusion This study explains the risk factors for contamination and reflux esophagitis in healthy young Japanese subjects. The prevalence Rabbit Polyclonal to TNF Receptor I of reflux esophagitis was relatively high, and the contamination rate of was low compared with the aged Japanese populace. (contamination (2,3). Chronic MK-2 Inhibitor III gastritis, including nodular gastritis, has been acknowledged in relatively young adults (4,5), but the prevalence of nodular gastritis in young Japanese adults is still unclear. Several studies in Japan have shown that this eradication of induced endoscopic reflux esophagitis, suggesting that contamination prevented endoscopic reflux esophagitis by decreasing gastric acid secretion (6-10). Several studies in Western countries also suggested that this eradication of induced reflux esophagitis (11,12). However, the precise relationship between contamination and endoscopic reflux esophagitis is not obvious, and a direct relationship between contamination and reflux esophagitis in young adults has not been clearly exhibited. The infection MK-2 Inhibitor III route of in Japan is still unknown, but several studies have suggested that transmission between family members is an important route (5,13). The drinking of well water might also be a major contamination route in developing countries (6,14). Several studies in Japan have indicated risk factors for endoscopic reflux esophagitis (gender, obesity, hiatus herniation, smoking, alcohol consumption), but few studies have focused on risk factors for young adults (15). The aim of the present study was to determine i) the prevalence of reflux esophagitis and contamination in healthy young Japanese adults and ii) the risk factors for contamination and endoscopic reflux esophagitis. Materials and Methods The present study included 550 fifth-year medical students (men/women: 315/235) in Saga Medical School who provided their informed consent to participate between 2010 and 2016. The mean age of the students was 22.51.8 (range, 22-30) years old. All of the participants received upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed by experienced endoscopists on the Japanese Table of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. contamination was determined by the urinary antibody-coated bacteria test via the immunochromatography method (RAPIRUN?; Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, MK-2 Inhibitor III Japan) (16). Just before an endoscopic examination, the subjects completed the frequency level for symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (FSSG) questionnaire regarding upper gastrointestinal symptoms (17,18). In addition, any history of drinking well water in child years was decided through interviews. Endoscopic esophagitis was diagnosed as grade A, B, C or D using the Los Angeles Classification (19). The FSSG questionnaire comprises 12 questions (regarding 7 acid reflux symptoms and 5 dysmotility symptoms). Each symptom was assigned a score (by no means=0; occasionally [30%] =1; sometimes [50%] =2; often [70%] =3; and usually [100%] =4). A positive symptom was defined as a symptom for which the subject evaluated the frequency with a score of 2 (sometimes, often or usually). The seven questions regarding reflux symptoms were as follows: Do you get heartburn?, Do you sometimes subconsciously rub your chest with your hand?, Do you get heartburn after meals?, Do you have an unusual (e.g. burning) sensation in your throat?, Do some points get stuck when you swallow?, Do you feel a bitter liquid (acid) coming up into your throat? and Do you get heartburn if you bend over? The five questions regarding acid-related dyspepsia were: Does your stomach get bloated?, Does your belly ever feel heavy after meals?, Do you feel ill after meals?, Do you feel full while eating meals? and Do you burp a lot? This study was approved by the ethics committee of Saga Medical School. A statistical evaluation was carried out using 2 assessments, Student’s t-tests and multiple logistic regression analyses with the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals decided using the SPSS software program (version 22; SPSS, Tokyo, Japan). Statistical significance was established at a p value of 0.05. Results Table 1 shows the characteristics of the 550 subjects (315 men, 235 women) in the present study. The mean age of the subjects was 22.51.8 years,.