Our results were in agreement with previous study that NSCLC patients with metastasis had high levels of CXCL1 than patients in stage IA-IIB (33). Results: The protein abundance of CXCL1 in lung cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. CXCL1 was closely related to TNM stage, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis and predicted worse overall survival in adenocarcinoma. The level of CXCL1 in the peripheral blood of adenocarcinoma patients also significantly elevated and positively related with clinical stage. The meta-analysis exhibited that CXCL1 mRNA level was increased in lung cancer tissues and high Rabbit polyclonal to RAB37 level of CXCL1 indicated tumor progression in lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, public database analyses showed that CXCL1 negatively correlated with DACH1. Stable overexpressing DACH1 in cultured lung cancer cells remarkably decreased CXCL1 protein. Moreover, ectopic expression of DACH1 significantly inhibited the expression of CXCL1, Ki67, and cyclin D1 in tumor tissues compared with A549 cells with empty vector. Survival analysis showed that high CXCL1 and low DACH1 indicated poor overall survival and progression-free survival. Conclusion: CXCL1 is usually closely associated with tumor progression and poor survival. DACH1 significantly inhibits the expression of CXCL1 and indicates good prognosis. Therefore, combined detection of CXCL1 and DACH1 could more precisely predict prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. 0.0001) (Physique 2A). The protein abundance of CXCL1 was positively correlated with tumor TNM stage (= 0.0001), tumor size (= 0.0032) and lymph node metastasis (= 0.0234) (Figures 2BCD). However, there was no statistical difference with grade. According to the average score of staining, CXCL1 expression was divided into CXCL1 high (= (24S)-MC 976 32) and low (= 39) subgroups. Medium OS time of the CXCL1 high and low subgroups were 30 2.98 and 48 2.14 months, respectively, which indicated that they had significant difference of survival (KaplanCMeier log-rank test, = 0.001, Figure 3). We also explored the relationship between CXCL1 expression and clinicopathological features of 71 ADC patients. As shown in Table 1, CXCL1 expression was only correlated with TNM stage. Besides, we investigated the correlation between cumulative OS and clinicopathological parameters by univariate Cox regression analysis including age, sex, grade, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and CXCL1 expression (Table 2). The results exhibited that TNM stage (HR = 7.393; 95% CI 1.267C43.135; = 0.026) and CXCL1 expression (HR = 3.533; 95% CI 1.232C10.132; = 0.019) were prognostic factors for OS. Multi-various Cox analysis revealed that TNM stage (HR = 4.499; 95% CI 1.853C10.919; = 0.001) and CXCL1 expression (HR (24S)-MC 976 = 2.916; 95% CI 1.099C7.739; = 0.032) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Open in a separate window Physique 2 The expression of CXCL1 protein was positively correlated with the progression of ADC patients. (A) Normal (24S)-MC 976 (24S)-MC 976 vs. Tumor (B) TNM stage I vs. III (C) Tumor size T1 vs. T3 (D) Lymph node metastasis positive vs. unfavorable. Left panel: representative images, right panel: CXCL1 IHC score. Open in a separate window Physique 3 KaplanCMeier survival curve of patients with low or high CXCL1 expression based on the survival data in tissue microarray slide. Table 1 Correlations between CXCL1 expression and clinicopathological features of 71 ADC patients. = 0.0001, Figure 4B). High expression of CXCL1 tended to be associated with tumor progression, but it did not reach the statistical significance (Physique 4C). Open in a separate window Physique 4 Elevated CXCL1 protein in serum of patients with ADC. (A) Standard curve of CXCL1 with OD value (B) Serum CXCL1 in healthy donors and lung ADC patients (C) Serum CXCL1 protein was positively correlated with TNM stage. High Level of mRNA CXCL1 Predicted Progression and Worse Clinical Outcomes for Patients With NSCLC In order to verify the prognostic value of CXCL1 in lung cancer, we analyzed 20 published GEO databases (summarized in Table 3) mainly made up of NSCLC patients and corresponding clinicopathological parameters. The patients were divided into CXCL1 high and low based on the median CXCL1 mRNA value. Our results of meta-analysis indicated that higher expression of mRNA CXCL1 was strongly correlation with worse OS whether it is in NSCLC (HR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.07C1.40, = 0.962, and = 0.643, and = 0.982, and = 0.211,.