Each patient was also given a booklet with pictures of MMDP methods. Stop-MDA surveys were carried out in 2006 in the 11 LF endemic provinces among human population over 6?years of age and children of 6?years using immunochromatographic test (ICT) for antigen and microfilariae (mf) detection for endemic provinces, annual studies to detect LF reservoir in domestic pet cats commenced in 1994. A 2001 survey of the chronic disease burden for LF founded a register of the cumulative number of people with lymphedema/elephantiasis. Results A total of five rounds of MDA yearly were implemented over 2002C2006 in all IUs. Additional annual rounds of MDA were required in 87 IUs of Narathiwat province from 2007 to 2011 due to persistent illness. The annual national drug protection with MDA over 2002C2012 was in the range of 68.0 to 95.4%. Stop-MDA studies in 2006 in the 11 LF endemic provinces found nine mf positive instances in seven IUs in Narathiwat province with the highest prevalence of 0.8% (range: 0.1C0.8%). In Narathiwat TAS-1, TAS-2 and TAS-3 recognized below transmission threshold rates for mf among antibody positive children (0.3, 0.2 and 0.7% respectively). Contact tracing both all mf instances in all three TAS yielded no positive instances. Through the migrant health checkup, a total of 23?477 individuals were tested, showing a positive rate of 0.7% (range: 0.1C2.7%) over years 2002C2017. In Narathiwat province, annual ivermectin treatment among pet cats commenced in 2003 resulting in a decrease of mf prevalence among pet cats from 8.0% in 1995 to 0.8% in 2015. As of April 2017, a total of 99 lymphoedema/elephantiasis individuals were authorized and followed-up under 34 health facilities. Conclusions Thailand over the years 2002 to 2011 carried out considerable MDA with high protection rates. Through periodic and regular monitoring studies it delineated LF transmission areas at sub-village level and shown through its evaluation studies C the Stop-MDA studies and TAS, below transmission threshold rates that enabled its validation of LF removal. In September 2017, World Health Corporation acknowledged the Ministry of Health Thailand had eliminated lymphatic filariasis like a public health problem. Electronic supplementary material The online version of BMS-3 BMS-3 this article (10.1186/s40249-019-0549-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. illness. The elephantiasis rate was 5.2%. The vector recognized were spp. (four varieties) and spp. (five varieties) infected with infective stage larvae of endemic provinces with large number of IUs (Mae Hong Child, Tak and Kanchanaburi) and all the four endemic provinces (Surat Thani, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat and Narathiwat) to critically assess the effect of MDA. These seven provinces account for 346 of 357 IUs. The M&E Rabbit Polyclonal to NOX1 consisted of (i) baseline mf studies in 2001; (ii) interim (sentinel site or spot-check site) throughout the treatment period which consisted of mf studies and antigenaemia studies in endemic provinces, and mf and antibody studies in endemic provinces (2002C2005 in ten provinces) and in Narathiwat (2002C2011); (iii) Stop-MDA studies in 2006 in 11 provinces, and (iv) Transmission Assessment Studies (TAS) over 2012C2017. Number?3 summarizes the timelines of these surveys. Open in a separate windowpane Fig. 3 Timeline of key National Programme to remove Lymphatic Filariasis activities in Thailand: 2001C2017 The baseline studies (2001)They were assessments of mf using solid blood smear exam performed during between 20:00?h and 24:00?h in endemic IUs and endemic IUs in Narathiwat, or daytime in endemic provinces of Krabi, Surat Thani and Nakhon Si Thammarat. Base-line data were collected in a total of 169 IUs. The blood smears were stained with Giemsa and examined at VBDC or VBDU. In additional IUs, data from studies done prior to 2001 were analysed and areas with mf prevalence of more than 1% or where there was large quantity of vector breeding sites, were included as LF endemic. The interim studies (2002C2011)Interim surveys were done every year during 2002C2011, covering each year a proportion of IUs of the eleven BMS-3 endemic LF provinces. Mf prevalence (%), antigen prevalence (%) and antibody prevalence (%) were used as M&E signals. Stop-MDA studies (2006)It has been envisaged and showed that five rounds of effective MDA are likely to interrupt transmission of LF [9]. The studies to stop MDA consisted BMS-3 of two parts: (i) Assessment of antigenaemia or microfilaraemia in populations where studies were carried out in the population age-groups of ?6?years of age. (ii) Assessment of antigenaemia in children of 6?years. Immunochromatographic test (ICT) test packages were used to detect illness and mf BMS-3 blood smears for endemic provinces (endemic provinces (endemic areas and antibody incidence and prevalence in endemic areas among pre-school, 1st and 2nd grade school college students, most of.