Circulation of multiple serotypes may also lead to increased cases of severe form of dengue. Acknowledgments We wish to thank all the hospital personnel in the various locations for identifying suspect cases and for facilitating the collection and shipment of samples to KEMRI for testing. fever, West Nile and Zika. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) utilizing flavivirus family, yellow fever, West Nile, consensus and sero type dengue primers were used to detect acute arbovirus infections and determine the infecting serotypes. Representative samples of PCR positive samples for each of the three dengue serotypes detected were sequenced to confirm circulation of the various dengue serotypes. Results Forty percent (345/868) of the samples tested positive for dengue by either IgM ELISA (14.6?%) or by RT-PCR (25.1?%). Three dengue serotypes 1C3 (DENV1-3) were detected by serotype specific RT-PCR and sequencing with their numbers varying from year to year and by region. The overall predominant serotype detected from 2011C2014 was DENV1 accounting for 44?% (96/218) of all the serotypes detected, followed by DENV2 accounting for 38.5?% (84/218) and then DENV3 which accounted for 17.4?% (38/218). Yellow fever, West Nile and Zika was not detected in any of the samples tested. Conclusion From 2011C2014 serotypes 1, 2 and 3 were detected in the Northern and Coastal parts of Kenya. This confirmed the occurrence of cases and active circulation of dengue in parts of Kenya. These results have documented three circulating serotypes and highlight the need for the establishment of active dengue surveillance to continuously detect cases, circulating serotypes, and determine dengue fever disease burden in the country and region. genus, family (persists in a domesticated environment contributing to the spread of dengue through high human-mosquito-human contact within communities [8]. The first documented dengue outbreak in Africa occurred in Durban, South Africa in 1927 as determined by a retrospective serological study [9]. Subsequently, dengue virus isolations in Africa have been reported in 1964C68 in Nigeria (DENV1 and 2) [10], in 1983C85 in Mozambique (DENV3) [11], in 1984 in Sudan (DENV1 and 2) [12] and in 1986 in Senegal Protopanaxatriol (DENV4) [13]. In the past five decades sporadic or epidemic cases of dengue have been increasing in sub-Saharan Africa with 22 countries reporting outbreaks. East Africa has experienced the largest burden in this period with outbreaks occurring in the Island nations Protopanaxatriol of Runion (1977C1978), the Seychelles (1977C1979), the Comoros (1992C1993), and Cape Verde (2009). In addition Djibouti also recorded a large outbreak in 1992C1993. Approximately 300,000 cases were detected in these 5 outbreaks. Dengue is currently endemic in 34 African countries with transmission being reported through local disease transmission, detection of laboratory confirmed cases, and detection among travelers returning to countries not endemic to dengue [14]. In Kenya, the first documented dengue outbreak (DENV2) occurred in 1982 in the coastal cities of Malindi and Mombasa and was thought to have spread from an outbreak that had occurred in the Seychelles in 1979C1980 [15]. Subsequently, although dengue outbreaks were Protopanaxatriol documented in the neighboring countries of Somalia, Djibouti and South Sudan [14, 16], only rare sporadic cases of DENV2 were detected in the coastal town of Mombasa. Seroprevalence studies performed in Kenya have indicated high prevalence of dengue in coastal Malindi at 34.17?% and lower prevalence in western Busia at 1.96?% [17]. Due to lack of active surveillance and reporting structures for dengue infections in much of East Africa, there is a lack of appreciation of the burden of the disease in the region and detection of cases Fam162a is often hampered by non-specific clinical manifestation of the illness, which mimics other common fever causing illnesses like malaria and typhoid fever and the unavailability of diagnostic capabilities in most of the health centers. In the continued absence of a viable/approved vaccine, the prevention and control of dengue is currently reliant on vector control methods and early detection of cases through continued surveillance.